The bacteria that infect the gums must be cleared away. When caught early, scaling and root planing can be performed. Scaling and root planing can clear the plaque and bacteria from underneath the gum line, where you can't reach. If your infection is advanced, an osseous or flap surgery may be necessary. This not only removes bacteria but also allows Dr. Tehrani to smooth the bone and reposition gum tissue which has been damaged by gum disease.